DRUG-INDUCED AND TARDIVE
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
Philip A. Hanna, M.D.
Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center
New Jersey Neuroscience Institute
Edison, New Jersey
A variety of movement disorders may be caused by medications,
particularly dopamine-receptor blocking drugs (DRBD), also called
neuroleptics. Most of these medications are used in psychiatric
conditions, but some are also used for other conditions such as
nausea. Some of these drug-induced movement disorders include
neuroleptic induced parkinsonism, akathisia (sense of inner
restlessness and difficulty remaining still associated with repetitive
movements such as rocking and shifting positions), acute dystonic
reaction (sudden stiffening of the limb and/or facial muscles) and
tardive syndromes (movements which persist even after the offending
agent has been discontinued) including tardive tremor, myoclonus,
tourettism (tics), and others.
The drugs below should be avoided, if possible, in patients with
tardive dyskinesia or Parkinson's disease, although there may be
circumstances in which these agents may be medically necessary. This
is not a comprehensive list of all possible agents.
GENERIC NAME TRADE NAME
Chlorpromazine Thorazine
Fluphenazine Prolixin
Perphenazine Trilafon, Triavil, Etrafon
Thiethylperazine Torecan
Prochlorperazine Compazine
Trifluoperazine Stelazine
Thiothixene Navane
Haloperidol Haldol
Promethazine Phenergan
Thioridazine Mellaril
Mesoridazine Serentil
Metoclopramide Reglan
Loxapine Loxitane
Molindone Moban
Pimozide Orap
Risperidone Risperdal
Buspirone Buspar
Lithium Lithium
Miller LG, Jankovic J. Drug-Induced Dyskinesias: An Overview. In
Joseph AB, Young RR, eds. Movement Disorders in Neurology and
Psychiatry. Blackwell Science, Malden, MA, 1999.
Jankovic J. Tardive Syndromes and Other Drug-Induced Movement
Disorders. Clin Neuropharmacol 1995;18:197-214.
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